Name: __________________________ Date: _____________



1.
Age-related changes in the renal system result in:
A.
a significant increase in filtration, which causes the excretion of large amounts of water from the body.
B.
a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed.
C.
the formation of large amounts of urine secondary to an increase in kidney mass of up to 20%.
D.
dilation of the blood vessels that supply the nephrons, which allows the kidneys to maintain their function.


2.
You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that:
A.
small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times.
B.
assisted ventilations in infants often need to be forceful to inflate their lungs.
C.
the infant's proportionately small tongue often causes an airway obstruction.
D.
an infant's head should be placed in a flexed position to prevent obstruction.


3.
You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will MOST likely find that she:
A.
is unable to track your movements with her eyes.
B.
responds to her name but is fearful of your presence.
C.
will readily allow you to separate her from her mother.
D.
has bulging fontanelles secondary to severe dehydration.


4.
Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:
A.
a loss of respiratory muscle mass.
B.
increased stiffness of the thoracic cage.
C.
decreased residual volume.
D.
increased surface area available for air exchange.


5.
The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to:
A.
blood vessel dilation.
B.
a decrease in neurons.
C.
meningeal deterioration.
D.
shrinkage of the brain.


6.
The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is MOST often related to:
A.
hypotension.
B.
medication use.
C.
kidney failure.
D.
atherosclerosis.


7.
Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant?
A.
places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up
B.
knows his or her name, can walk without any assistance
C.
responds to his or her name, crawls around efficiently
D.
walks without help, becomes frustrated with restrictions


8.
With increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively because:
A.
the blood vessels become stiff.
B.
the arteries dilate significantly.
C.
diastolic blood pressure decreases.
D.
the blood thickens as a person ages.


9.
The average pulse rate of individuals between 19 and 60 years of age is typically:
A.
60 beats/min.
B.
70 beats/min.
C.
80 beats/min.
D.
90 beats/min.


10.
An infant or small toddler would MOST likely gain trust in an individual who:
A.
provides an organized, routine environment.
B.
maintains eye contact, even if the person is a stranger.
C.
frequently changes the infant or toddler's regular routine.
D.
does not tower over him or her and avoids painful procedures.


11.
Which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults?
A.
The ribcage of an infant is less flexible than an adult's.
B.
An infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's.
C.
The trachea of an infant is proportionately longer than an adult's.
D.
An infant's head accounts for less body weight than an adult's.


12.
Why does the incidence of diabetes mellitus increase with age?
A.
decreased food intake, decreased weight gain, and decreased blood sugar levels
B.
decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production
C.
increased physical activity, increased food intake, and increased insulin production
D.
decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased blood sugar levels


13.
In contrast to secure attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment occurs when a child:
A.
becomes acutely anxious at the presence of strangers or in unfamiliar surroundings.
B.
clings to a parent or caregiver because he or she knows that the person can be trusted.
C.
shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection.
D.
reaches out and explores because he or she knows that the parents are there as a safety net.


14.
The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of:
A.
18 and 22 years.
B.
19 and 25 years.
C.
21 and 30 years.
D.
25 and 35 years.


15.
In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air:
A.
remains unchanged because the lungs have become accustomed to years of breathing pollution.
B.
decreases, resulting in widespread collapsing of the alveoli and impaired diffusion of gases.
C.
increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of stagnant air that remains in the alveoli.
D.
decreases, which increases diffusion in the lungs and causes an accumulation of carbon dioxide.


16.
A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should:
A.
obtain the majority of your information from one of her parents.
B.
inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible.
C.
avoid asking questions that she will feel uncomfortable answering.
D.
recall that patients in this age group prefer not to be treated as adults.


17.
Why do middle adults commonly experience financial concerns?
A.
They are typically receiving social security and must budget with a fixed income.
B.
Most people in the middle adult age group have chronic illnesses and cannot work.
C.
They are preparing for retirement but must still manage everyday financial demands.
D.
The majority of middle adults still have small children that live at home with them.


18.
An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because:
A.
the back of the head is flat, which prevents a neutral position.
B.
he or she has a long neck, which makes the trachea prone to collapse.
C.
the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible.
D.
the tongue is proportionately small and can fall back into the throat.


19.
At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children?
A.
6 to 8 months
B.
10 to 18 months
C.
18 to 24 months
D.
24 to 36 months


20.
Which of the following is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group?
A.
Secondary sexual development begins.
B.
Muscle and bone growth both decrease.
C.
The normal pulse rate steadily increases.
D.
The systolic blood pressure decreases.


21.
Infants are often referred to as “belly breathers” because:
A.
their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally.
B.
an infant's ribs are brittle and are less able to expand.
C.
their intercostal muscles are not functional.
D.
their diaphragm does not receive impulses from the brain.


22.
Breathing is often more labor intensive in older adults because the:
A.
elasticity of the lungs decreases.
B.
surface area of the alveoli increases.
C.
overall size of the airway decreases.
D.
diaphragm and intercostal muscles enlarge.


23.
The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately:
A.
60 to 100 beats/min.
B.
70 to 120 beats/min.
C.
90 to 140 beats/min.
D.
100 to 150 beats/min.


24.
You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating an injured patient of this age, you must recall that:
A.
his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output.
B.
it is not uncommon to observe heart rates in excess of 150 beats/min in elderly patients with internal injuries.
C.
blood pressure is usually adequately maintained because the blood vessels of older people can contract easily.
D.
functional blood volume in patients of this age steadily increases due to increased production of red blood cells.


25.
The low normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is:
A.
60 mm Hg.
B.
70 mm Hg.
C.
80 mm Hg.
D.
90 mm Hg.


26.
The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of:
A.
3 and 4 months.
B.
6 and 8 months.
C.
7 and 14 months.
D.
9 and 18 months.


27.
Which of the following statements regarding toddlers and preschoolers is correct?
A.
The normal respiratory rate in toddlers and preschoolers is between 12 and 20 breaths/min.
B.
Toddlers and preschoolers have well-developed lung musculature, even though they have less lung tissue.
C.
Muscle mass and bone density decrease in toddlers and preschoolers because of increased physical activity.
D.
Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of a loss of passive immunity.


28.
When communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that:
A.
deafness and blindness are a normal part of the process of aging.
B.
most older patients are confused due to a decrease in brain cells.
C.
age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears.
D.
the majority of older patients experience a loss of low-frequency hearing.


29.
In preconventional reasoning, children:
A.
make decisions based on their conscience.
B.
look for approval from their peers and society.
C.
act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want.
D.
blame their actions on what they have observed in older children.


30.
Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs?
A.
medications
B.
overall health
C.
increased weight
D.
medical conditions


STOP This is the end of the test. When you have completed all the questions and reviewed your answers, press the button below to grade the test.