Name: __________________________ Date: _____________



1.
Which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is correct?
A.
A child's head is equal to 14% of his or her total BSA.
B.
The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the BSA.
C.
The posterior of a child's leg is equal to 13.5% of the BSA.
D.
The anterior arm in the adult is equal to 9% of the total BSA.


2.
Functions of dressings and bandages include all of the following, EXCEPT:
A.
immobilization of the injury.
B.
prevention of contamination.
C.
protection from further injury.
D.
control of external hemorrhage.


3.
Burns are classified according to:
A.
depth and extent.
B.
location and pain.
C.
degree and location.
D.
extent and location.


4.
You have applied a dressing and roller-gauze bandage to a laceration on the arm of a young female. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should:
A.
remove the bandage and dressing and apply another one.
B.
carefully manipulate her arm until the symptoms subside.
C.
assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed.
D.
remove the gauze bandage and replace it with an elastic one.


5.
Which of the following statements regarding crush syndrome is correct?
A.
With crush syndrome, massive blood vessel damage occurs following severe soft-tissue injuries, such as amputation of an extremity.
B.
Compromised arterial blood flow leads to crush syndrome and can occur when an area of the body is trapped for longer than 4 hours.
C.
Tissue damage that occurs in crush syndrome is severe, but kidney injury is unlikely because toxins are quickly eliminated from the body.
D.
Provided that a patient with a crush injury is freed from entrapment within 6 hours, the amount of tissue damaged is generally minimal.


6.
During your assessment of a patient who was shot in the abdomen, you notice a large entrance wound with multiple small puncture wounds surrounding it. This wound pattern is MOST consistent with a:
A.
handgun.
B.
shotgun.
C.
.22-caliber pistol.
D.
.357 magnum.


7.
When treating a partial-thickness burn, you should:
A.
immerse the affected part in warm water.
B.
rupture any blisters to prevent an infection.
C.
cover the burn with a moist, sterile dressing.
D.
avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics.


8.
When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should:
A.
deactivate the chemical with a 5% vinegar solution.
B.
quickly irrigate the arm with large amounts of water.
C.
use forceful streams of water to remove the chemical.
D.
brush away the chemical before flushing with water.


9.
Which of the following statements regarding severe burns is correct?
A.
Severe burns involving the airway have a 100% mortality rate.
B.
The majority of severe burns involve full-thickness burns only.
C.
Patients with severe burns are especially prone to hyperthermia.
D.
Severe burns are typically a combination of all degrees of burn.


10.
Which of the following is a severe burn in a 35-year-old patient?
A.
circumferential partial-thickness burn to the chest
B.
full-thickness burn to 5% of the body surface area (BSA)
C.
partial-thickness burn to 20% of the BSA
D.
superficial burn covering 50% of the BSA


11.
A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover _____ of his BSA.
A.
18%
B.
27%
C.
36%
D.
45%


12.
With regard to the pediatric rule of nines, the:
A.
head is proportionately smaller than an adult's.
B.
thorax is proportionately larger than an adult's.
C.
legs are proportionately smaller than an adult's.
D.
arms are proportionately larger than an adult's.


13.
A laceration:
A.
is an injury that separates various layers of soft tissue.
B.
is a sharp, smooth cut that is made by a surgical scalpel.
C.
is a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt force trauma.
D.
rarely penetrates through the subcutaneous tissue to the muscle.


14.
In contrast to animal bites, the bite of a human:
A.
is usually less severe because the human mouth is cleaner.
B.
typically results in a minor infection that is slow-spreading.
C.
carries with it a wide variety of virulent bacteria and viruses.
D.
is associated with a much higher incidence of rabies infection.


15.
You are assessing a 30-year-old woman with multiple large bruises to her chest and abdomen that she experienced during an assault. She is conscious but restless, and her skin is cool and pale. You should be MOST concerned with:
A.
performing a detailed secondary assessment to locate all of her injuries.
B.
assessing the bruises that overlie major organs in the chest and abdomen.
C.
the fact that her clinical signs could indicate that she is bleeding internally.
D.
obtaining a complete set of vital signs to rule out the possibility of shock.


16.
Which of the following statements regarding penetrating injuries is correct?
A.
External bleeding may be minimal but internal injuries can be extensive.
B.
The degree of internal injury can often be estimated by the external injury.
C.
It is important to distinguish between entrance and exit wounds in the field.
D.
The depth of a penetrating injury should be thoroughly assessed by the EMT.


17.
As you approach a young male who was involved in an industrial accident, you note that his eyes are closed and that he is not moving. You can see several large contusions to his arms, a laceration to his forehead with minimal bleeding, and a closed deformity to his right leg. You should:
A.
open his airway and assess his breathing status.
B.
perform an immediate head-to-toe assessment.
C.
assess his pulse for rate, regularity, and quality.
D.
apply high-flow oxygen and assess his injuries.


18.
Which of the following is a severe burn in a 2-year-old child?
A.
superficial burn that covers 25% of the BSA
B.
any full-thickness burn, regardless of its location on the body
C.
partial-thickness burn that covers 10% of the BSA
D.
any burn that involves the arms, legs, or posterior part of the body


19.
A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation with a gang member. As your partner is applying 100% oxygen, you perform a rapid secondary assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should:
A.
place a sterile dressing over the wound and apply direct pressure.
B.
control the bleeding from the wound and prepare to transport at once.
C.
apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment.
D.
direct your partner to assist the patient's ventilations with a bag-mask device.


20.
Which of the following open soft-tissue injuries is limited to the superficial layer of the skin and results in the least amount of blood loss?
A.
avulsion
B.
abrasion
C.
incision
D.
laceration


21.
Which of the following is of LEAST importance when initially assessing the severity of a burn?
A.
area(s) burned
B.
age of the patient
C.
past medical history
D.
known drug allergies


22.
In order for electricity to flow through the body and cause damage:
A.
an insulator must exist between the electrical source and the patient.
B.
a complete circuit must exist between the electrical source and the ground.
C.
the part of the body that is in contact with the electrical source must be dry.
D.
the person must make direct physical contact with the source of electricity.


23.
In addition to external bleeding, the MOST significant risk that an open soft-tissue injury exposes a patient to is:
A.
infection.
B.
hypothermia.
C.
nerve damage.
D.
vessel damage.


24.
The hallmark sign of compartment syndrome is:
A.
a lack of pain despite the severity of the injury.
B.
extreme redness to the injury site.
C.
a bounding pulse distal to the injury.
D.
pain out of proportion to the injury.


25.
A hematoma develops when:
A.
small amounts of blood leak into the epidermis.
B.
large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged.
C.
severe swelling compromises arterial circulation.
D.
cells and small vessels in the dermis are damaged.


26.
A 30-year-old male experienced a crushing injury when his arm was trapped between the back of a truck and a loading dock. Upon your arrival, the man's arm has been freed. Your assessment reveals that his arm is obviously deformed and swollen and is cold and pale. Further assessment reveals an absent radial pulse. You should be MOST concerned that this patient has:
A.
internal hemorrhage.
B.
compartment syndrome.
C.
a severe closed fracture.
D.
damage to the radial nerve.


27.
A construction worker fell approximately 30′ and landed in a pile of steel rods. Your assessment reveals that he is pulseless and apneic and has a 10″ steel rod impaled in his left leg. You should:
A.
control the bleeding, begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), stabilize the steel rod, immobilize his spine, and transport immediately.
B.
remove the steel rod, control the bleeding, apply an automated external defibrillator (AED), begin CPR, and transport to a trauma center.
C.
stabilize the steel rod, control the bleeding, begin CPR, and rapidly transport to a trauma center.
D.
control the bleeding, carefully remove the steel rod, begin CPR, and transport as soon as possible.


28.
Which of the following processes occurs during the inflammation phase of the healing process?
A.
The immune system releases histamines, which cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, resulting in local redness and swelling.
B.
White blood cells are forced away from the injury site, thus allowing an increase in the flow of red blood cells, resulting in increased blood flow.
C.
The blood vessels in and around the injury site constrict, which forces bacteria and other microorganisms away, thus preventing significant infection.
D.
The veins and arteries at the injury site constrict and platelets aggregate, which stops bleeding and causes a temporary increase in the size of the wound.


29.
When assessing a patient with a closed soft-tissue injury, it is MOST important to:
A.
manipulate the injury site for signs of a fracture.
B.
assess circulation distal to the site of the injury.
C.
remain alert for more severe underlying injuries.
D.
recognize that the integrity of the skin is broken.


30.
An abdominal evisceration:
A.
is most commonly the result of blunt force trauma.
B.
should be covered with bulky dry, sterile dressings.
C.
often causes severe hypothermia because of heat loss.
D.
occurs when organs protrude through an open wound.


31.
During your assessment of a 22-year-old male who was assaulted, you note widespread contusions and abrasions to his face, chest, and abdomen. His pulse is rapid and weak, and his skin is cool and clammy. You should:
A.
perform a focused physical exam of his abdomen.
B.
administer oxygen and prepare for rapid transport.
C.
place him in a sitting position and give him oxygen.
D.
conclude that he is experiencing intracranial bleeding.


32.
A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n):
A.
abrasion.
B.
contusion.
C.
hematoma.
D.
crush injury.


33.
Which of the following statements regarding the dermis is correct?
A.
The dermis produces a substance that provides color to the skin.
B.
The dermis contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings.
C.
The cells of the dermis are worn away and are constantly replaced.
D.
The dermis lies above the germinal layer and provides protection.


34.
Common signs and symptoms of an airway burn include all of the following, EXCEPT:
A.
hoarseness.
B.
chest pressure.
C.
singed nasal hair.
D.
soot around the mouth.


35.
A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a:
A.
third-degree burn.
B.
first-degree burn.
C.
second-degree burn
D.
partial-thickness burn


36.
All of the following body structures are lined with mucous membranes, EXCEPT for the:
A.
lips.
B.
nose.
C.
anus.
D.
mouth.


37.
A utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a high-power line. He fell approximately 20′ and is lying unconscious on the ground; the power line is lying across his chest. You should:
A.
rapidly assess the patient after ensuring that the power line is not live.
B.
apply insulated gloves and assume manual control of his c-spine.
C.
quickly but carefully move the patient away from the power line.
D.
manually stabilize his head as your partner assesses for breathing.


38.
The germinal layer of the epidermis contains pigment granules that are responsible for skin:
A.
color.
B.
texture.
C.
moisture.
D.
temperature.


39.
An injury that separates various layers of soft tissue, resulting in complete detachment or a flap of skin, is called a(n):
A.
incision.
B.
avulsion.
C.
laceration.
D.
amputation.


40.
Which of the following is a severe burn in a 65-year-old patient?
A.
superficial burn to 30% of the BSA
B.
full-thickness burn to 1% of the BSA
C.
partial-thickness burn to 20% of the BSA
D.
second-degree burn covering 10% of the BSA


41.
Which of the following statements regarding electrical burns is correct?
A.
Entrance wounds are small relative to the amount of internal tissue damage.
B.
Respiratory or cardiac arrest following an electrical burn is very uncommon.
C.
The exit wound caused by electrical burns is smaller than the entrance wound.
D.
The size of the entry and exit wounds is a reliable indicator of internal damage.


42.
The sebaceous glands produce sebum, a material that:
A.
facilitates shedding of the epidermis.
B.
pulls the hair erect when you are cold.
C.
discharges sweat onto the skin's surface.
D.
waterproofs the skin and keeps it supple.


43.
When a person is exposed to a cold environment:
A.
sweat is produced and is warmed when the vessels constrict.
B.
blood vessels dilate and divert blood to the core of the body.
C.
the skin becomes flushed secondary to peripheral vasodilation.
D.
peripheral vessels constrict and divert blood away from the skin.


44.
A 56-year-old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. After controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should:
A.
carefully probe the wound to determine if the bleeding is venous or arterial.
B.
carefully remove the avulsed flap and wrap it in a moist, sterile trauma dressing.
C.
replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing.
D.
thoroughly irrigate the wound with sterile water and cover it with a sterile dressing.


45.
In addition to severe bleeding, the MOST life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is:
A.
an air embolism.
B.
a spinal fracture.
C.
an ischemic stroke.
D.
nerve fiber damage.


46.
Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin?
A.
scalp
B.
back
C.
ears
D.
soles of the feet


47.
According to the rule of palm method for estimating the extent of a patient's burns, the palm of the patient's hand is equal to _____ of his or her total BSA.
A.
1%
B.
2%
C.
4%
D.
6%


48.
In which of the following patients should you remove an impaled object?
A.
a semiconscious patient with an ice pick impaled in the chest
B.
an apneic patient with a shard of glass impaled in the abdomen
C.
a pulseless and apneic patient with a knife impaled in the back
D.
a conscious and alert patient with a fishhook impaled in the eye


49.
A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the:
A.
epidermis.
B.
fatty layer.
C.
muscle fascia.
D.
dermal layer.


50.
A 33-year-old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABCs and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, how you should care for his wound?
A.
Irrigate it with sterile water and cover it with a dry dressing.
B.
Cover the exposed bowel and keep his legs in a straight position.
C.
Carefully replace the exposed bowel into the abdomen and transport.
D.
Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing.



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